Sustitución valvular aórtica y revascularización miocárdica combinadas, complicaciones en el postoperatorio inmediato

Kirenia Espronceda Sánchez, Ana Margarita Jeréz Castro, Juliette Massip Nicot, Aníbal González Trujillo, Omar Remigio González Greck

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Resumen

Introducción y objetivo:

La enfermedad arterial coronaria en algunos pacientes, se asocia con la presencia de enfermedad valvular con criterio de reemplazo, siendo la válvula aórtica a menudo la más afectada. El perfeccionamiento de las técnicas quirúrgicas ha influido en la incidencia cada vez mayor de este tipo de cirugía mixta.

De modo que nos planteamos describir sus resultados mediante el estudio de variables perioperatorias y la descripción de la morbilidad en el postoperatorio inmediato.

Métodos:

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal de 21 pacientes consecutivos operados de Revascularización Miocárdica con Sustitución Valvular Aórtica combinada.

Resultados:

En las intervenciones realizadas, hubo un amplio predominio del sexo masculino (93,75%). La Hipertensión Arterial estuvo presente en la totalidad de los casos. La estenosis valvular aórtica fue causa de la cirugía en el 81,25% de los pacientes. El diagnóstico angiográfico principal fue la enfermedad arterial coronaria de tres vasos. Sin embargo, la realización de dos derivaciones aórtico-coronarias fue el procedimiento más frecuente. La sustitución valvular por prótesis mecánica solo se efectuó en el 43,75% de los casos, en el resto se sustituyó la válvula por prótesis biológica. El empleo de hemoderivados fue necesario en el 93,75% de los pacientes. Las complicaciones más importantes fueron: anemia moderada, disfunción renal sin requerimiento de tratamiento dialítico (75%), problemas respiratorios y del medio interno (68,75%); 2 pacientes fueron reintervenidos de urgencia (12,5%).

Conclusiones:

Los procedimientos quirúrgicos combinados tienen una morbilidad considerable en el postoperatorio inmediato, aun así, por sus beneficios a largo plazo, estos procederes no se contraindican a ninguna edad.

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives:

Coronary artery disease in some patients, it´s associate with the presence of valve lesions with approach of surgical replacement, the most frequent affected is the aortic valve. The improvement of the surgical techniques has influenced of the bigger incidence of this type of mixed heart surgery.

We describe their results by the study of perioperative variables and the morbidity´s description in early postoperative period.

Methods:

A descriptive and cross sectional study was carried out of 16 serial patients treated with combined myocardial revascularization and aortic valve replacement.

Results:

In the combined interventions made, there was a wide prevalence of the male gender, 93.75%. The arterial hypertension was present in all cases. The aortic valve stenosis causes the surgery in 81.25% of the patients. The main angiographic diagnosis was three vessels coronary disease. However, two aortic coronary derivations were more frequents procedures. Valve replacement by mechanical prosthesis was just made in 43.75% of patients, the rest was substituted by biological prosthesis. The use of hemoderivatives was necessary in 93.75% of patients. The main complications were moderate anemia, acute renal failure without requiring renal replacement function (75%), respiratory injury as well as acid-base and electrolyte disorders (68.75%). Two patients required emergent reoperation (12.5%). 

Conclusions:

Combined surgical procedures have an increased morbidity in early postoperative period, related with advanced stage of cardiac illness in this patients and the risk of the surgical techniques employee even that, for their benefits long term, this procedure is not forbidden at any age.

Palabras clave

Revascularización miocárdica, enfermedad de la válvula aórtica, complicaciones posoperatorias

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